Physiology Case Study

by admin | Mar 21, 2023 | Uncategorized

Patient Case Study Analysis. Management of Obesity Essay
A patient case study analysis is an outline of diagnosis and the ongoing treatment. The patient, in this case, will be called Mr. P, who is a 24-year old male, 6.0 feet tall, and weighs 280 pounds. As per the height and weight, he has a body mass index (BMI) of 38, which, according to clinical standards, indicates obesity. A normal BMI ranges from 24-29.9; anything above 30 is considered obese. Mr. P has been experiencing increased heart rate for quite a while and fears that his body fat might be the primary cause. According to the medical protocol, he needs to lower his BMI to achieve a normal heartbeat, improve his self-esteem, and acquire the desired body shape.

Obesity is one of the most common health concerns among the youth. In the United States, the rise of the condition among youngsters is associated with the decline in physical activity. Research shows that young people spend most of their time indoors engaged in the Internet (Heymsfield & Wadden, 2017). According to Sanyaolu et al. (2019), around 1.9 billion adult individuals globally are overweight. Also, over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 have the same condition. The disease is life-threatening; it results from excessive fat accumulation in the body that may impair well-being, increase the risk of cardiovascular ailment, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure, among other illnesses.

Mr. P’s current pressing medical issue is the rise in his heartbeat, which has negatively impacted his usual daily activities. It weighs his body down because he cannot walk like he used to; he cannot lift heavy things. Additionally, he reveals that his weight has affected him psychologically. His health condition is accompanied by low self-esteem, poor body image, and inability to partake in various activities like his peers, for instance, sports. Further, his love life has been adversely impacted by the excessive eight, and his relationships always end based on his condition, which demoralizes him.

The Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE)
BEE is the amount of energy adequate to cover all movement and bodily activities essential for a living thing to survive for a day, given in kcal/day or kJ/day. The calculation will consider moderate stress level, and this is because Mr. P’s emotional status has not yet affected his everyday functioning. The BEE will also include light daily undertakings like walking and less engaging house chores. He can only do minor things, not anything that involves heavy lifting or high-energy use.

For men,

B.E.E. = 66.5 + (13.75 x kg) + (5.003 x cm) – (6.775 x age)

66.5 + (13.75 x 127) + (5.003 x 182.88) – (6.775 x 24)

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66.5+1746.25+ 914.94-162.6= 2565.09

B.E.E= 2565 kcal/d

Comparison of Basic Energy Requirements (Calories) with Nutritional Intake
Mr. P’s condition is not severe, so he uses the normal feeding process, enteral feeding. It refers to food intake via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. To calculate his daily caloric requirement, it will consider the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), the number of power individuals requires in relaxing. BMR incorporates up to sixty to seventy percent of the energy consumed daily (Howell & Kones, 2017). One of the most precise approaches to approximating the BMR rate is through the Harris-Benedict formula. After getting the BMR, it will be multiplied with the level of activity an individual engages in; with Mr. P, it will be the sedentary category which indicates little or no exercises, which equals 1.2.

Adult male: 66 + (6.3 x body weight in lbs.) + (12.9 x height in inches) – (6.8 x age) = BMR

Daily caloric requirement = BMR x 1.2

66 + (6.3 x 280) + (12.9 x 72) – (6.8 x 24)

66 + (1764) + (928.8) – (163.2)

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66 + 1764 + 928.8 -163.2= 2595.6

BMR=2596

Caloric requirement = 2596 x 1.2 =3115.2

The daily calorie needs for my client = 3115

Mr. P’s Current Daily Nutritional Intake and Calorie Value
Breakfast
1 glass of chocolate milk= 208
5 slices of bread 75 calories per slice =375
3 fried eggs=300
Lunch
1 place of rice = 272
Cooked bean=200
1 cup of mixed vegetables= 118
500ml soda= 203
Four o’clock snack
1 cup of tea= 82
50g slice of cookie= 250
Dinner
Pizza 4 slices = 1140
1 slice of chicken = 239
1 beer = 154
The total daily calorie consumption for my client is approximately 3541.

The Patient’s Nutritional Needs
Mr. P wants to reduce weight; changing his diet will be the primary treatment approach towards achieving his treatment goals. The main aim will be to reduce carbohydrates, fats, and sugars, which are the major contributors to energy. Therapy will then increase the intake of proteins, vegetables, fruits, and water. Fruits and vegetables contain low-calorie content, while proteins will help activate high metabolism levels for the system to shade accumulated body fat. According to the calculations above, Mr. P is taking more calories than his body requires. To decrease his accumulated fats, he needs to lower his calorie intake than what the body needs to ensure that the metabolic process burns extra body fat.

Effective treatment needs to incorporate appropriate nutrition and exercise, which are the best methods to weight loss within short periods. Nutritionists advise that lowering carbohydrates consumption by 1,000 calories daily, the equivalent of 2Ibs weekly, might be harmful and can cause adverse effects by interfering with digestion. Shading 2Ibs and higher has a probability of decreasing muscles, which lowers BMR. Denying the body of the nutrients it needs, which has severe detrimental impacts, and losing kilos this way is unsustainable (Howell & Kones, 2017). Also, while reducing calorie intake, it is vital to sustaining the rates of fiber consumption and other dietary requirements to stabilize the body’s necessities.

Research has confirmed that many people choose to reduce their calorie intake by 500 kcal per day to achieve weight loss. The famous worldly formula for healthy weight reduction is burning 3,500 calories to lose 1 pound or 0.45kgs in a week. Mr. P’s energy need per day is 3115 while he is taking approximately 3541. With the above formula, though the researchers argue it is dangerous for one to lose 1000 calories per day, it is not the case for Mr. P because he is taking extra food, and only reducing 1000 energy will help him achieve his therapeutic objectives (Howell & Kones, 2017). The treatment goal is to maintain a 2541 nutritional intake under the normal range of 2,800-3,000 for men in his age group.

Mr. P has a table consisting of food daily intake, including high levels of carbohydrates, sugars, and fats intake. In this part, the eating timetable reduces starches, sugars, fats and increases protein, vegetables, fruits, and water intake to maintain 2541 calories daily. If the patient follows the program to the latter, he will lose 7000 Cal in one week, equivalent to 2 pounds. Though the recommended is 3500 per week, our main reason for 1000 is because Mr. P is currently taking more food than his body requires. Mr. P will try this formula for two weeks; if it affects his health, he will retrieve it to 500 Cal in a day.

Breakfast
1 glass of chocolate milk= 208
3 slices of bread 75 calories per slice = 225
3 fried eggs=300
1 cup of vegetables= 118
Lunch
1 place of rice = 272
Cooked bean=200
1 cup of mixed vegetables= 118
1 banana and 1 apple = 225
Four o’clock snack
Oatmeal porridge= 339
Dinner
Vegetables = 118
1 slice of chicken = 239
2 apples= 190
2liters of water throughout the day
Total daily intake will be approximately 2552

Conclusion
Studies have shown that obesity is one of the health issues causing many physical and psychological pains. Through nutrition, many people have been able to improve their conditions and beat the disease. Calculating the BEE, BMR, and caloric needs and documenting daily food intake is the only way to monitor whether nutrition works for specific patients. Mr. P will also engage in exercise, walking for a start since he cannot do major exercise. Discipline is critical in using a diet to reduce body fats; the patient must avoid foods they like that are not necessary for the body.

References
Heymsfield, S. B., & Wadden, T. A. (2017). Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(3), 254-266, Web.

Howell, S., & Kones, R. (2017). “Calories in, calories out” and macronutrient intake: the hope, hype, and science of calories. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 313:608–612, Web.

Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Qi, X., Locke, J., & Rehman, S. (2019). Childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States: A public health concern. Global Pediatric Health, 6, Web.

Philosophy Case Study

by admin | Mar 21, 2023 | Uncategorized

Philosophical Theories: Being and Becoming Essay
Introduction
Philosophy is a term that was coined from a Greek phrase translating to mean, “The love of wisdom” (Soccio, 2009). Today, we talk of a person’s Philosophy thereby making the assumption that philosophy refers to his belief system and general way of life. We can therefore say that everybody has a philosophy although not everybody is a philosopher. In the past, philosophers were reputed to be to be full of wisdom which stemmed from the fact that they were willing to ask hard questions that had baffled mankind for years. Plato is an example of one of the most phenomenal philosophers.

Being and Becoming
Plato was a progeny of Socrates and he was also a member of the Athenian aristocracy which was responsible for the death of Socrates. When he saw that the regime had killed his mentor, Plato decided to begin his own school so as to teach wisdom to the rulers. Plato’s metaphysics comprises of changeless essences. These essences are referred to as forms (Strauss, 1964). He partitioned reality into three distinct groups or levels. Level one is the timeless being. The last two levels together form the becoming. Becoming is described as a level of change. Plato observed that contention only happens at the becoming level and not at the being level (Diogenes, 2003).

Drawing from the example of the sophists, a people who were constantly on the lookout for changing customs of the world, Plato observed that they could not get a hold of wisdom since truth is immutable. He in fact used his theory on being and becoming to prove false the sophist theories (Kreis, 2009). Plato observed that the people that were living at the becoming level were the most redundant of the population as they were wanting in their imagination (McDonald, 2000).

Plato’s view of life has changed the way many things are viewed today. The concept of becoming and being has been instrumental in the understanding not only of life issues but also of some of the scientific procedures (Savvit, 2006). The ideas were the foundation on which the logic theory was designed. It consequently made the scientist and mathematicians realize better and easier methods to dealing with some real world issues.

When he wanted an analogy of good, Plato referred to the sun. From a scientific point of view, the sun is actually the source of all life on earth. Animals need the warmth from it to survive while plants need the light from it to photosynthesize. He therefore was trying to say that good is the pivot of everything else in life. But unlike the sun which can actually be seen by the naked eye, good can neither be seen nor felt. Good can only be realized by its results (Wheeler, 1997).

Conclusion
Plato’s suggestion of the becoming and being model has partitioned life into two. One is either at the being level or at the becoming level. The being level is the lowest and Plato actually suggested that the people at this level we in fact the most unimaginative of the population. The second level which is called the being level is of those that have graduated from the lower level and are thought to be wise as they have learnt to engage their brain.

References
Diogenes, L. & Sedley, D. (2003). Plato’s Cratylus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kreis, S. (2009). Greek Thought: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The History Guide. Web.

McDonald, F. (2000). Plato’s Cosmology: The Timaeus of Plato. London: Routledge

Savvit, S. (2006). Being and Becoming in Modern Physics. Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy.

Soccio, J. (2009). Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy. London: Cengage Learning.

Strauss, L. (1964). The City and Man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Wheeler, C. (1997). Plato’s Enlightenment: The Good as the Sun. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 14(2), 171-188.

Finance Case Study

by admin | Mar 21, 2023 | Uncategorized

Financial Management Small Case Case Study
Introduction
Agency relationship refers to an agreement act between two parties, the principal and an agent. In the relationship, the principal assigns the agent tasks to perform on their behalf. From a financial management perspective, the principal can be the company stakeholders, while the agent is a manager the company has employed to run daily operations on their behalf (Panda & Leepsa, 2017). As the sole employee of the organization and also the only investor in the company, there would be no agency conflicts. There are only two possible scenarios where agency conflict may occur.

Firstly, there has to be an agent acting on behalf of the principal. Secondly, the interests of the principal and the agent must be different. Typically, the principals may be interested in better performance and share prices, while the agent is interested in compensation, power, or promotion (Panda & Leepsa, 2017). At the beginning of operating my company, there is no agent running company tasks on my behalf because I do it by myself. In turn, all my interests in the company are aligned with my desires and do not conflict with those of any agents or principals.

Agency Costs: Agency Cost of Debt
Agency costs refer to the costs due to conflicting interests between the principals and the agent. In most cases, there may be conflicting interests because the agent has more information and fewer incentives in the company compared to the stakeholders. Agency costs result when the agent makes decisions that are not in the best interests of the principals or when the principals prevent the agent from prioritizing their interests over that of the principals (Panda & Leepsa, 2017). Raising funds from outside lenders would create debt-holder relations with the company. In the most likely scenario, the debt-holders may act as the principal and I, the agent.

Similarly, in this case, the agency cost of debt may occur due to the nature of the relationship between the debtholders and the company management. In an unlikely case, the management (myself) may undertake risky decisions such as going public with an IPO, which would probably benefit the stakeholders (myself) than them. To mitigate these costs, the lenders may seek to regulate how their money is used through constraints. One of the common constraints is the debt covenants, where the lender restricts the expenditure actions of the borrower.

Corporate Governance
Corporate governance refers to a set of mechanisms by which a company is run and managed and includes the interaction among key participants to shape the performance and progress of the company. These participants may include shareholders, the management team, and the board of directors. Interactions include how the various parties interested in the company make and implement effective strategic decisions. On the other hand, performance and progress may include creating a balance between the economic and societal goals of the company. The five internal corporate governance provisions that are under an organization’s control include:

Providing funding for a project or initiative being run by the company.
Repaying company loans, debts, and balances within the set periods.
Attracting and retaining the best management talent to ensure smooth and organized operation of the company.
Meeting shareholder expectations and objectives considering their importance to the welfare of the company.
Planning both short and long-term moves with the growth and prosperity of the company in mind.
Stock Option Compensation Plan
Stock option compensation is when an employee is rewarded with a predetermined number of shares bearing a set price instead of cash or other forms of payments. Accordingly, this option is common in startups that may not have enough cash on hand to competitively pay their best employees. In this option, the awarded stock is put under a defined vesting period after which the employee can collect and sell it. Incentive stock options (ISOs) are exclusively offered to employees and bear certain tax advantages compared to non-qualified stock options (NSOs). For instance, an employee can be offered a set number of shares at $20 per share, each vesting 30% for three years. Before the expiry time, the employee pays $20 for each share, regardless of the stock price changes during this period.

Additionally, there are various problems associated with the use of stock as a compensation option, both for the company and the employee. Firstly, unless an employee is offered an ISO, stock compensation options can bear complicated tax implications for the employee. The employee may be implicated in several tax regulations, including fiduciary tax, registration and expense costs and treatment, and deductibility of tax. Secondly, the shareholder may be affected by the dilution of their shares in the long term. With the maturity of their compensations, the shareholder may dilute a certain percentage of the shares with the company. Thirdly, both the company and employee/shareholder may find it difficult to value the share options. Unless the compensation is performance-based, stock options do not factor in the performances of the employee/executive and may reward them despite poor business outcomes. Finally, the employee will have to rely on the collective performance or output of other employees to earn bonuses accrued to their stock compensations. In a typical scenario, the employee under stock compensation does not have control over the bonuses.

How Regulatory Agencies and Legal Systems Affect Corporate Governance
Corporate governance relates to how the input of various parties interested in the organization works to ensure its performance. On the other hand, regulatory agencies and legal systems determine the degree of protection of shareholder and societal rights. Typically, their role is to ensure that organizations do not engage in malpractices and manipulation of stakeholders. Various studies have determined that shareholder protection and stock market liquidity are closely related and influenced by the availability of regulatory agencies and legal systems. Stock market liquidity refers to the rate of stock turnover and indicates the performance and profitability of organizations. For example, countries that have implemented strong legal and regulatory frameworks for the protection of the rights of shareholders enjoy highly liquidity stock markets. Those with weaker frameworks have low liquidity and unattractive stock markets.

Based on the highlighted relationship, the presence of regulatory agencies and legal systems ensures robust shareholder protection rights. In turn, the management of the organization is more transparent and effective and avoids making decisions that are inclined toward their own interests. Overall, these actions increase the quality of both internal and corporate governance. In such cases, this outcome is manifested by high stock market liquidity. On the other hand, the lack of regulatory agencies and legal systems implies more conflict between the principals and the agent. More conflicts where decision-making is self-centered may translate to poor internal and corporate governance.

References
Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74-95.

Sociology Case Study

by admin | Mar 21, 2023 | Uncategorized

Approach to the Client of a Social Worker: Case Study Case Study
Martin is ten years old and has been living with his mother for the past seven years. His father, Jacob, lost his job a year after he had born. He tried looking for new employment, but most of the positions required someone with both soft and technical skills. According to his wife, Mary, he always complained of being denied employment because he was black. He also lamented that black men needed more education than white to get jobs. The same views were echoed in the study by Pedulla and Pager (2019), who claimed that African Americans faced a systematic disadvantage in the job market. After realizing that he could not provide for his family, Jacob resorted to drinking and became increasingly abusive. When the situation worsened, the wife decided to go and live with her grandmother, who later passed on when Martin was six years.

Mary has been raising her child alone for the past four years, sometimes working three jobs a day. However, things worsened when she noticed her son had become more isolated. One week ago, she received a call from the school after Martin was involved in a fighting incident. According to the school principal, Martin had recently been quiet but violent when disturbed. His mother tried talking to him, but he became non-compliant. He has since refused to eat and spends much time locked up in his room. According to Lan (2021), children of single parenting suffer several effects, such as loneliness and emotional problems. This explains why Martin is hardly jovial; he rarely speaks.

Before visiting the agency, she tried reaching out to her husband, who refused to help. He even claimed that Martin was not his biological son and wanted nothing to do with him. Upon arrival at the facility, Mary was desperate and needed someone to talk to. Therefore, the nurse provider should view him as part of and inseparable from a family and social network (Broderick & Blewitt, 2020). Most importantly, the nurse should try to understand why Martin seemed unconcerned with everything that was happening around him.

References
Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2020). The life span: Human development for helping professionals (5th Edition). Merrill/Prentice Hall.

Lan, X. (2021). Disengaged and highly harsh? Perceived parenting profiles, narcissism, and loneliness among adolescents from divorced families. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, 110466.

Pedulla, D. S., & Pager, D. (2019). Race and networks in the job search process. American Sociological Review, 84(6), 983-1012.

Tourism Case Study

by admin | Mar 21, 2023 | Uncategorized

Visitor & Destination Management Plan: Greenwich Town Centre Case Study
Executive Summary
Tourism is defined as the activity of persons moving from one place to another, naturally beyond their usual place, for the purpose relaxation, business and other purposes. Thus, a tourist can be said to be the person who moves, stays and visits a place for the purpose of deriving pleasure.

Tourism has become a diverse industry in our economy, due to the range of the economic opportunities that it provides to the society at large (Eagles et al. 2003, p. 341). The management of visitors has increasingly become an important issue in tourism destination. Greenwich, having attained a world heritage site status, has seen significant growth in the number of visitors.

This has been attributed to the diverse use of time in the society, the ability to travel at reasonable cost, and the extensive media publicity given to Greenwich as a tourist destination. The market is also reported to have matured; this has made tourists to be more discerning, and they have great expectations regarding access to such destinations. This has created pressure on the destination, prompting the need for visitor management (Flanagan 2002, p. 23).

The dilemma associated with visitor management, is the one demanding a balance of tourist interests on one hand, and the provision of education and recreational opportunities for the members of the public. On the other hand, it is important to note that visitors expose the destination, to a range of harmful risks and particularly to the artifacts.

Tourism is associated with overcrowding, congestion at specific bottlenecks, and the physical stress on sensitive parts of the site. It is therefore important to have a visitor management mechanism, which best controls the visitors, by balancing the interests of the tourists with those required for safeguarding and managing the tourist destinations (Morgan et al. 2004, p. 43).

There is need to examine the various approaches that have been applied in the management of tourism, in order to facilitate good management of the increased levels of tourist visitation. Tourism is said to be an irregular movement, and this calls for appropriate management strategies. The potential of Greenwich as a tourist destination is high, and an effective management plan has to be developed.

The development of an effective management plan demands a good documentation for the facilitation of development of the appropriate infrastructures (Eagles et al. 2003, p. 51). In addition to this, detailed policies are important. The management plans helps in the maintenance of the tourist destination and management of the visitors.

The management of visitors includes their safety as well as the accessibility of the destination by the visitors, and particularly the disabled. There is also need to manage aiding and interpretation of the tourist destination to the visitors, through the use of the tour guides, booklets that create a synopsis of the tour destination, and other information boards (Howie 2003, p. 178).

Problem Statement
Greenwich is a world heritage site and the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site Steering Group is responsible for the management of the site. The site has demonstrated effective partnership with both the public and private sectors in terms of service delivery and other management plans. The Greenwich town was established and managed on the voluntary basis, and this makes it a unique approach in regard to destination management.

The management of the Greenwich tourist site developed this management approach after the World Heritage Site Marketing Group failed to finance the management of the site, due to lack of funding. The priorities were set in terms of collaboration in the setting and developing of annual marketing schedules, between the stakeholders of the destination.

This explains the fact that the activities of the Steering Group are facilitated and co-ordinate by the council on behalf of the partners. This management feature has made Greenwich Town a unique case, and it was selected as an appropriate destination (Flanagan 2002, p. 202).

This paper seeks to identify the key organizations that are involved in the management of the Greenwich tourism. The paper also seeks to draw an analysis of the management strategies of the Greenwich town as a tourist destination. This paper will draw an analysis of Greenwich as a tourist destination, and the key features in appealing to visitors.

In addition, the paper will draw an analysis of key issues facing the destination. This will include the experience of the visitors. These issues will be developed in accordance with the SWOT/PEST principles. The appropriate recommendations will be considered as likely to promote sustainable approach to the provision of quality visitor experience (Eagles et al. 2003, p. 254).

Analysis and Evaluation
Greenwich as an Appropriate Destination
Greenwich is a World Heritage Site and also home of Greenwich Mean Time as well as the meridian time. These are famous landmarks in addition to the National maritime museum and the royal observatory. The Christopher Wren’s Old Royal Naval College is also placed within the Greenwich Town.

There are also other attraction features which make Greenwich a suitable destination for many. There is a park which allows tourists to walk and experience the hospitality of the place. There are restaurants, shops that are excellent, quite and independent. There are also friendly staffs that enhance the hospitality industry in Greenwich. A lot of information is provided to the tourists and this helps tourists in keeping them abreast with events at the events which are either sporting events or entertainment events (Eagles et al. 2003, p. 89).

Greenwich town is about 20 minutes from London and is accessible through the Docklands Light Railway, rail, tube, river boat or bus. The tourists have access to the map and this helps them to find their way around the various attraction sites, accommodation facilities and other social facilities.

Greenwich is an appropriate destination that has various strengths; the fact that it is a World Heritage Site makes it an appropriate destination for tourists. Many people around the globe appreciate a lot of history that is related to artifacts that are available within the Greenwich Town (Howie 2003, p. 178).

The fact that Greenwich is a UNESCO World Heritage Site means that it is an endangered tourist destination and this could mean that the future prospect of its development is at a threat. There is limited development that should be done to the facilities that are available in the World Heritage site to retain the historical value of these facilities.

This is because such facility should not be modified or developed because this would change their value. This makes them vulnerable to due to exposure to tourism and environment changes. The fact that the destination has the status of a World Heritage Site makes it popular among tourists, this creates a lot of pressure on the resources and it is a challenge to manage the tourist population (Flanagan 2002, p. 77).

There are various opportunities that are associated with the Greenwich Town. This means that a lot of economic gains are made from the many tourists who visit this destination. There are direct gains to the management of the site as a result of the revenues that are realized from the fees that tourists pay.

It also facilitates the existence of a sound investment environment, the members of the community benefit through direct and indirect investment that is facilitated by the tourism sector. There are threats associated with the management of Greenwich and particularly the management of tourist, irregular visits and this means that the tourists’ number may be high during certain seasons. This demands good management strategies that ensure that the tourists get the benefit of visiting the destination.

There is the challenge of providing security measures that ensures that tourists are safe and secure. There is need to provide enough tour guides who provide assistance to the tourists. Tourists also cause a threat to the artifacts at the heritage site. There is need to ensure that the historical value of the tourist destination is maintained.

The management of the Greenwich Town is under the council and the steering group. The marketing plan is run by the organizations, this exposes it to political controls and this brings in the issue of political factor (Laws 1995, p. 48).

The payment of taxes to the government, laws regarding the employment of staffs, environmental regulations that are associated with its management, there are also other trade restrictions that are applied by the government regarding the issues of human traffic and the political stability of the country and this has greatly been affected by the development of terrorism.

The world is also experiencing challenges that are economical in nature and Greenwich is not spared. The issue of growth of certain economies, variation of interest rates and the exchange rates that has been attributed to inflation.

The influence of the British Empire makes many common law states to identify with the Greenwich, tourist across the globe wish to identify with the many features that are found in Greenwich. There are challenges that are associated with this issue, health concerns, the population of tourists is overwhelming and this challenges the safety of the town and owing to the fact that different tourists have their own attitude which may not be easily pointed out.

There is a lot of technological development in the world. Greenwich is a well automated tourist destination and this makes it accessible. The marketing of tourism in Greenwich has also been changed through advertising and online marketing. There are also legal issues that are involved in the management of Greenwich as a tourist destination. These includes health laws, consumer related laws, traffic laws among others (Flanagan 2002, p. 142).

The Identification of Key Organizations Involved in the Management of Greenwich as a Tourist Destination and their influence in it
The Steering Group and the World Heritage Site Marketing Group are responsible for the management of Greenwich. The World Heritage Site Marketing is reported to have developed the annual marketing plan which is shared between the stakeholders (Elper 2002, p. 71). The group’s activities are managed and coordinated by the council on the account of the partners. This is done with the objective of ensuring that Greenwich remains a sustainable economic and a cultural destination of the international repute.

These groups work towards value addition through marketing efforts which are either long-term or short term. They also work towards the promotional projects that are designed to place Greenwich close to the marketing segments.

The groups generate economies of scale for the individual organizations by means of corporation in marketing strategies. They also work towards the creation of sustainable image and identity of Greenwich as a leisure and business destination. This is only possible through the adoption of strategic approaches in planning.

The organizations also take the responsibility of breaking down the funding as per the agreement in the marketing objectives. This naturally depends on the size of the organizations as well as the level of funds availability. These organizations have also developed alliances with other key organizations for strategic contribution and this makes the promotion and management of Greenwich Maritime which includes the Greenwich Town Centre Traders Association and The Greenwich Royal Pack.

The plan is locally administered through the World Heritage Site Steering Group and each of the representatives from the delegated group is assigned responsibility. The Greenwich Council administers the budgets on the account of the World Heritage Site subject to any administration voluntary partnership.

The Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site Steering Group undertakes the responsibility of managing the plan for the site. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the Public – Private Sector partnership that is used in the achievement of sustainable destination promotion and management approach (Elper 2002, p. 63).

The strengths of this approach are that there is an extended visitor numbers. It also establishes sustainable destination management systems through the recognized public – private partnership that attracts funding. There is also the opportunity that rises through such marketing approach and particularly the effective use of limited financial and human resources that are collected through such approaches.

The effect of the world Heritage Site marketing strategy activity is that there is an overall effect of visitor spending and this means more income. The only weakness that rises out of this sustainable approach is that the contribution and participation by group members is not compulsory and this can be a potential threat to the development of long term project. The interest of these groups could change thus compromising the very existence of these sustainable visitor management and promotion.

The interest of the groups is subject to political influence and controls. The most common political factors that may affect these plans include the laws that regulate the employment, taxation policies, environmental regulations, political stability which cannot be termed as a threat at the moment because the country is not known for political instabilities (Elper 2002, p. 50).

There are economic factors, in this case group members contribute depending on their willingness and ability as well as the economic growth, the interests in the market is not stable and this may have great impact on the implementation of long terms goals and objectives. The issue of economic inflation that is being experienced in the European Economic Zone may also affect the tourism industry because many visitors will not be willing to spend on leisure activities.

The social factors with the society and the world at large, there issues of health which are highly associated with the movement of the tourists. There is need to enhance the control mechanisms in a way that will effectively manage the high number of tourists without harming the Heritage Site. There is emerging technological development, the group should move towards using technology in advancing the development of good approaches that will facilitate the appropriate approach.

The Analysis of Greenwich as Tourist Destination
Greenwich as a tourist destination has peer review programs that regulate the implementation of the World Heritage Site Marketing plan. This involves the checking and review programs that advance the standards of delivery through constant improvements. The approach is designed to collect resources through the Marketing Group. This is achieved through collective bargaining of various supplies such as advertising and designing of well recognized institutions.

It ensures that the Greenwich Town is preserved, maintained and promoted in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The Greenwich Marketing Plan ensures key objective of the heritage site Marketing Plan broadens the appeal to a wide audience of visitors.

This is illustrated by the Civic Trust Award of 2004 where it was categorized as the most accessible tourist destination. In addition the coherent approach to the destination analysis has demonstrated that the process in Greenwich is appreciated as a great visitor’s destination.

Another factor is that the management has successfully secured funding for the delivery of Greenwich Counsel’s Public Service Agreement. This focuses on the increasing Dockland due to good service delivery to the visitors. It is a strength which makes it appealing to visitors.

There is a limitation of how to handle the challenges that are associated with the high number of visitors and other developing challenges. The issue of service delivery has been well dealt with in the meaning of the hospitality industry making it a popular destination for many.

The plan has also managed to balance the needs of the local communities and those of the tourism sector. This is a wise way of striking a balance and it doubles the gains for the visitors who benefit from the members of the community through service delivery like tour guides among others (Barney 2001, p. 143).

This is a positive way of ensuring that the visitors appreciate the services. The community hosts the visitors who buy thus sustaining promotions, physical development, and commerce consultation services to the visitors, engagement and the regeneration of the site. This is a fundamental plank in the empowerment of the local communities and it also facilitates the management and development of tourism at the grassroots level through research, analysis and other forms of engagements.

The Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site partnership is appreciated by the office of the Deputy Prime Minister for facilitating the achievement of the beacon council through sustainable tourism. This is regarded as the best tourism Initiative and more so after the foundation of the Best Tourism Initiative in the Visit London Awards 2004 (Elper 2002, p. 96).

It makes this planning strategy a strong approach that is appealing to the visitors. The visitors are given value for their money through service delivery. There is less limitation to this approach and this make it more popular to those who seek its services.

The awards accredited to the institution are great opportunities because they inspire the visitors with a degree of satisfaction. There are less or no threats in regard to the needs of the visitors. This is a show of satisfaction to aspiring tourists who intent to visit the heritage site, they are assured of what kind of services to get.

The analysis of Greenwich as tourist destination (key features and appeals to visitors) while examined under the PLEST tool of strategic management. The evaluation of the project planning process is that there are political factors that may influence choice of Greenwich as a tourist destination. The laws of the place are well legislated and this encourages the tourist chances of making it their destination of choice (Yeoman 1999, p. 40).

Although there are other laws that influence the chances of a tourist making Greenwich their travel destination, the involved parties should mobilize the legislation of laws that encourage the visitation. This may include that adoption of new tax policies that favor people who visit this historical site.

The strategic plans should also be compliant with the tax policies, employment laws. The fact that it is a heritage site should be taken seriously through compliance with the relevant environmental regulations, the available trade restrictions (Barney 2001, p. 127).

There is also need to consider the relevant economic factors. This may be established through the assessment of how much the visitors are willing to spend and the specific mode of spending. This will help overcome speculation which is a rather inaccurate way of establishing the visitor’s behaviors and practices.

The fact that most of the visited areas could be part of the market that is undergoing recession and this may mean a reduction in the level of visitation, there may need to encourage the visitation during financial crises through offers and waivers that would encourage tourism all year round.

Culture should be well addressed to encourage the visitors find a sense of identity whenever they visit Greenwich. This will be an effective way of encouraging tourism. The increase in population is also anticipated and this can be managed through planning for expansions of social structures to ensure needs of visitors are met.

It will also help to manage the population of visitors (Morgan et al. 2004, p. 53). Technology is a big ideal in the implementation of any plans. This means that there is need to exploit the existing innovation for the purpose of effective realization. Social media may be used for the purpose of effectively marketing the destination and getting the needs and expectations of the visitors (Elper 2002, p. 88).

Analysis of Key Features Facing the Destination
There is a world heritage site that is surrounded by buildings and a landscape setting. The Royal Park creates an architectural symbol of the English artistic, the scientific as well as other institutional endeavor. The most notable is the era of the 17th Century to the 19th Century.

The Queen’s house as the first Palladian building in the English empire while the old Royal Naval College, which was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Hawks Moor and it gives nothing but the English Baroque. The landscape and the ensemble of the buildings at Greenwich Town give a potent architecture (Barney 2001, p. 87).

The Greenwich Park has also been re-planned with a historical attribute to Andre Le Notre dating back to the 1660s. It surrounds Royal Observatory, a scientific designed building which has served as a research centre for over 250 years. It has also been used for the purpose of time keeping and other forms of taxonomy. This led to the navigational and temporal Greenwich Meridian dating back in the 1884. The Royal Hospital for the seamen was established in the 1696-1869.

These institutions create many historical features that are part of the Greenwich. They entail what is regarded as the early modern history of the British Empire which is attributed to British maritime power, scientific development, educational development and the British culture. This gives a historical account to the very existence of the modern day role of these historical institutions (Gibson 2005, p. 34; Papatheoderou 2006).

The World Heritage site status indicates the significance of the site to the world. The management plan is reported to be reviewed after every five years with the objective of preserving the character of the Greenwich. It promotes cultural and educational resources. This makes it very important for the welfare of the society. The set guidelines help in the conservation and also ensure that the sites maintain its interpretation to the posterity.

This has had significant impact on the Greenwich as it was demonstrated with the opening-up of the Old Royal Naval College to the public. The Queen’s house, Greenwich is one of the great features of the Greenwich gives a detailed account of the historical development of the British Empire. The Queen’s house creates a history and thus serves as a learning institution for many who visit it (Flanagan 2002, p. 60).

The Alfege Anglican Parish which lies at the centre of the Greenwich is more than one thousand years old and brings the memory of Archbishop Alfege who was the Archbishop of Canterbury. It forms part of the long British history. The Trafalgar Tavern is also a feature that forms part of the Greenwich making it a symbolic figure in the history of the British Empire. The National Maritime Museum gives a detailed history of the British Empire with collection of exploration collections.

It gives a detailed history of the rise of the British Empire. The Royal River which creates beautiful scenery is also one of the great features within Greenwich. Any visitor would not resist visiting all this destinations and this informs the need for an effective management policy that would ensure that all stakeholders benefits (Mearns 2011, p. 63).

Analysis of Issues Involved in Destination Visitor Experience
There is need to understand the behavioral trends of the visitors, consumer experience is an issue of concern in the development of an effective plan. The understanding of the consumer’s behaviors regarding the artistic, entertainment, sporting activities is an important issue for the purpose of information processing.

There is need to identify the leisure experience of the visitors for the emotional perspective. This is important for the purpose of understanding the appropriate destination management (Barney 2001, p. 67; Shackley 1998).

There is need to change from the rational to the emotional perspective which the visitor use in decision making. This is an effective approach because it evaluates the exact expectations of the visitor. This mode eliminates the traditional assumption which assumes that people come with vague expectations. It helps assemble the actual feelings that are associated with the experience of the visitor.

This is an efficient mode of evaluating the level of satisfaction of the visitor and it informs the development of effective strategies that are designed to meet the actual expectations of the visitors. This can be termed as a checklist on the discrete of an actual experience of a visitor. This is a move that can be regarded as strength in strategic planning as it eliminates the weaknesses that are attributed with the overall assumption that a visitor is satisfied without actually verifying the same (Gibson 2005, p. 34; Shackley 2003).

The plan is effective because it indicates an effective change from assuming the expectations to satisfying the actual interests. It is clear that a consumer will settle on a destination that they are congruent with or one that enhances his or her ideals. It is important to understand that a visitor would naturally settle for one convention beyond the daily hustles. The challenges and pleasures of the visitor should not be physical. This is because experience offer intellectual stimulus for learning and growth (Gibson 2005, p. 79; UNCSD 2001).

There is need to have an understanding of the role of the visitor as the active participant. This is because tourist could have experimental experience that is formed by their motivation. This approach has its limitation, it would be difficult to access all the visitors and establish their true experience.

There is also the issue of ideological difference that could be attributed to test and preferences. The test of one visitor could vary with that of another. There is also the issue of cultural experience. There are also other reasons that could be used to verify the validity of such a plan. Technology may be used to evaluate the experience of the visitor through the social media (Barney 2001, p. 46).

Recommendation for a Sustainable Approach to Provide a Quality Visitor Experience
There is need for positive changes that would facilitate the full realization of the potential of the promotion of a sustainable approach in the provisions of a quality visitor experience. The following areas have been recommended as deserving more enhancements (World Tourism Organization 2007, p. 58).

In order to provide quality services to the visitors, there is need for the review of the implementation of the World Heritage Marketing Plan. More efforts should be placed on the quality service delivery. It is recommended that the improvement be realized through constant improvements.

It is recommended that more focus be placed on the changing consumer expectations. This would provide quality accommodation and more visitors would appreciate the value and attention they get. This may be realized through encouraging the stakeholders to be more innovative. This can be achieved through working together as the social agents of change that would facilitate effective realization of effective plans for the visitors.

The achievement of quality tourism services can only be attained through close engagement of all the stakeholders. It has been observed that the local authority has a critical role in the management of the destinations and have a role in supporting the delivery of services by the partners.

The technology is a big ideal in the implementation of any plans. This means that there is need to capitalize on the existing innovation for the purpose of effective realization. The social media may be used for the purpose of effectively marketing the destinations and getting the views on the needs and expectations of the visitors.

References
Barney, J 2001, Strategic capabilities and knowledge transfer, Arturo Publication, Oxford.

Eagles, P et al 2003, Tourism and protected areas: benefits beyond Boundaries, Martin Publication, London.

Elper, W 2002, Ecotourism: principles, practices and policies sustainability, Longman, New York.

Flanagan, S et al 2002, Tourism destination planning, Tourist Research Centre, Dublin.

Gibson, H 2005, Understanding sport tourism experience, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.

Howie, F 2003, Managing the tourist destination, Thomas Learning, London.

Laws, E 1995, Tourist destination planning, Tourist Research Centre, Dublin.

Mearns, F 2011, Using sustainable tourism indicators to measure the stability of community based ecotourism ventures, Pink Trek, Lesotho.

Morgan, N et al 2004, Destination Branding: creating the unique destination proposition, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.

Papatheoderou, A 2006, Managing tourism destination, Edward Edgar, London.

Shackley, M 1998, Visitors management: case studies from the World Heritage sites, Oxford Publication, London.

Shackley, M 2003, Managing sacred sites: service provision and visitor experience, Thomson Learning, London.

UNCSD, 2001, From theory to practice: indicators for sustainable development, UNCSD, New York.

World Tourism Organization, 2007, A practical guides to destination management, World Tourism Organization, Madrid.

Yeoman, T 1999, Heritage Visitor Attractions: An operations management perspective, Cassel Publication, London.

History Case Study

by admin | Mar 21, 2023 | Uncategorized

“History of the NCO 1700: Valley Forge”: Case Study Analysis Case Study
Introduction, Key Problems, Thesis Statement
The American Revolution is one of the most pivotal moments in the history of the United States of America. However, when praising the military successes of our compatriots, we should remember at what cost they are achieved. Soldiers who fought in the war, died in combat, gave their lives for good causes. Despite this, death overtook many soldiers not only on the battlefield, but also in the camps. The first key problem of this case study is the poor camp layout and sanitation plan, which put the lives of all participants in the war at risk. This question leads to the second problem, which is the spread of various diseases and diseases.

The survival rate of soldiers, non-commissioned officers, commanders, and other military personnel in the camps must be ensured in order to achieve success. Thus, by setting up a camp at the most advantageous point, creating an effective sanitary plan that will avoid disease, the US army commanders would be able to avoid such a large number of victims.

Background
In 1775, the tension between the Americans and the British reached a peak, after which a full-scale war began. George Washington recruited the Continental Army, which occupied Boston in 1776. However, the same army lost New York and its strategically important harbor. By setting up camp at Valley Forge, Washington secured the protection of the Continental Congress, which was the governing body of the entire revolution. A convenient strategic position of the camp was completely uninhabitable for soldiers. Accordingly, the key character is George Washington, who at any cost achieved the proposed goals.

The army was numerous but many soldiers died from developing diseases. These sicknesses were the result of unsanitary conditions in the camp: prisoners lived in crowded places, ate from dirty dishes, while the animals were left to decompose in the ground.

Alternatives
An alternative to this situation could be to improve the living conditions of the military. If the premises were not so densely populated, Washington would be able to avoid unsanitary conditions. However, in the conditions of war, especially the War of independence of the United States, the budget of the army was small. Thus, most of the expenses were spent on arming the American troops, which were supposed to resist the professional soldiers of the British crown. Accordingly, Washington and the rest of the military elite lacked the means to ensure favorable living conditions.

Proposed Solutions
One of the solutions to the problem of unsanitary conditions and the spread of diseases among soldiers is the development of professional training of the army. Troops who have passed professional training are more resistant to such conditions, which allows them to achieve successful results. Such training should include training in the proper use of weapons, strategic skills, and survival skills. Specifically, survival skills would allow the army of Washington to understand what needs to be done in order to ensure the maximum survival of soldiers in the camps. Thus, with the help of professional training, the head of the army could avoid the spread of unsanitary conditions in the camps and various infections and diseases, ensuring the survival of the soldiers.

Recommendations
Thus, specific strategies to achieve this goal, namely camp survival, should include the training of the army. George Washington, as the undisputed leader and mastermind of the entire American revolution, had to train his soldiers in essential skills (Hayes, 2017). Leading thousands of soldiers, the general must be responsible not only for the success of the army on the battlefield, but also outside it. It is becoming clear that the morale of the military plays a key role in achieving victory in the war. Accordingly, the high mortality rate in the camp from various diseases and sanitary conditions lowered this spirit. In this sense, it was Washington that could ensure the flourishing of the army and its well-being.

Reference
Hayes, K. J. (2017). George Washington: A Life in Books. Oxford University Press.